Despite overcrowding due to population growth, the Metropolitan Manila area lags behind in the development of track-based public transportation as a means of mass transportation, with the total length of the three elevated rail lines (two of which are lightweight) within the metropolitan area being only 50 kilometers, and traffic congestion is becoming more serious….

In Bangladesh, the poverty rate in rural areas, including Cox’s Bazar District, remains high compared to the poverty rate in urban areas where the economy is growing steadily, and rural development is an important policy issue for the Bangladesh government. In the southern Chotgram region, including Cox’s Bazar District, the Japanese government is planning comprehensive…

In Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, the rapid increase in traffic demand due to population growth and economic growth is causing chronic traffic congestion and air pollution. Such serious traffic congestion deteriorates economic activities and the urban environment, and has become a major bottleneck in economic and social development. Under these circumstances, the government of…

In India, there are various challenges in terms of universal health coverage (UHC) where all people have access to health care services, mainly due to inadequate health infrastructure, medical personnel, and management capacity for health care services, as well as weak finances in the health sector. In Assam, the largest state in northeastern India, only…

In India, rapid urbanization in recent years has led to a rapid increase in the number of registered automobiles, expanding demand for road transportation, but public transportation infrastructure has not yet been developed. In particular, the Chennai metropolitan area has the fourth largest population in India (approximately 8.7 million people according to the 2011 census),…