Since the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War in 2011, local governments in Turkey have been hosting a large number of Syrian refugees, making the country the largest host country for Syrian refugees in the world. With no end in sight to the civil war and the increasing number of refugees and their longer stays…

Iraq’s power infrastructure, including power plants and transmission and substation facilities, has been destroyed and deteriorated as a result of years of war and economic sanctions, causing significant impairment in all areas of power generation, transmission, and distribution, resulting in long and constant rolling blackouts throughout the country and other major obstacles to economic recovery…

The Dominican Republic relies on foreign imports of fossil fuels, which account for more than 80% of its energy sources, contributing to a persistent trade deficit. In addition, high generation costs, transmission and distribution losses, and unpaid electricity bills have resulted in a deficit in the energy sector. In addition to supply-side measures such as…

In Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, the population grew from 6.62 million to 17.6 million between 1990 and 2015 (United Nations Population Division, 2018), and the rapid increase in traffic demand due to population growth and economic growth has caused chronic traffic congestion and air pollution. Economic losses due to traffic congestion are estimated to…

Brazil is a forest-rich country with the world’s largest tropical forest, the Amazon region, covering a vast area of land. The tropical rainforests in the Amazon basin account for about one-third of the world’s remaining tropical rainforests. While the Amazon region in particular is home to vast forests, deforestation per year has been on the…

In Vietnam, industrialization and population concentration in urban areas have led to an increase in the amount of industrial and domestic wastewater in urban areas. On the other hand, the sewage system is not well developed and sewage is discharged directly into rivers, making water environmental pollution a serious problem. Specific factors contributing to pollution…

Uzbekistan’s major industries are primary industries, mainly natural resources and cotton. In order to maintain stable economic growth, it is important to break away from an economic structure dependent on specific industries, and it is necessary to develop managers and entrepreneurs in the private sector, including SMEs, who can serve as the driving force The…

The cumulative number of people infected with the novel coronavirus in Palestine is 340,252 (3,798 deaths) (as of June 12, 2021, according to WHO). The autonomous government of the country has positioned vaccination as its top priority in combating the novel coronavirus, and has begun procuring vaccines and inoculating priority vaccine recipients. However, a system…

The water supply rate in Cambodia’s provincial cities is low, with Siem Reap, the third largest city, having the lowest rate. The city is unable to meet the water demand of the growing population and tourists visiting the Angkor Wat complex, resulting in severe water shortages and poor sanitation. The Cambodian government has identified improving…